Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision | Previous revision Next revisionBoth sides next revision | ||
184_notes:examples:week6_drift_speed [2017/09/26 15:42] – [Example: Drift Speed in Different Types of Wires] tallpaul | 184_notes:examples:week6_drift_speed [2018/02/03 22:24] – [Solution] tallpaul | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
=====Example: | =====Example: | ||
- | Suppose you have a two charges, one with value $5 \mu\text{C}$, the other with value $-5 \mu\text{C}$. There are at separate locations, a distance | + | Suppose you have a two wires. Each has a current of $5 \text{ |
- | {{ 184_notes: | + | {{ 184_notes: |
===Facts=== | ===Facts=== | ||
- | * The dipole charges are $q=5 \mu\text{C}$, $-q=-5 \mu\text{C}$. | + | * The copper wire has $I=5 \text{ |
- | * The dipole distance | + | * The zinc wire has $I=5 \text{ |
- | * The cylinder has radius | + | * The charge of an electron |
+ | * Electron density of copper is $n_{\text{Cu}}=8.47\cdot 10^{22} \text{ cm}^{-3}$. | ||
+ | * Electron density of zinc is $n_{\text{Zn}}=13.2\cdot 10^{22} \text{ cm}^{-3}$. | ||
+ | * Electron current as $i=nAv_{avg}$. | ||
+ | * Current is $I=|q|i$. | ||
+ | * Units of current is charge per second. Electron current is electrons per second. We multiply by $q$ (the electron charge) to get charge per second. | ||
- | ===Lacking=== | + | ===Goal=== |
- | * $\Phi_e$ through | + | * Find the drift speed for both wires. |
===Approximations & Assumptions=== | ===Approximations & Assumptions=== | ||
- | * The axis of the cylinder is aligned with the dipole. | + | * The wires have circular cross-sections. |
- | * The dipole and cylinder are centered with respect to each other. | + | * Using the [[184_notes: |
- | * The electric flux through | + | |
- | * The charges | + | |
===Representations=== | ===Representations=== | ||
- | * We represent the situation with the following diagram. | + | * We represent |
+ | * We represent current as $I=|q|i$. Current is charge per second. Electron current is electrons per second. We multiply by $q$ (the electron charge) to get charge per second. | ||
+ | * | ||
====Solution==== | ====Solution==== | ||
- | First, notice that we probably do not want to do any calculations here, since the it will not be fun to take a dot-product of the dipole' | + | We can use the [[184_notes: |
- | {{ 184_notes: | + | |
- | Notice that the vectors near the positive charge | + | There are a lot of variables in this problem, so let's make a plan. |
- | We could write this as a comparison between | + | <WRAP TIP> |
- | $$\Phi_{left}=-\Phi_{right}$$ | + | === Plan === |
+ | We will do the following steps for each wire. | ||
+ | * Find the electron density of each material | ||
+ | * Find the cross-sectional area of the wire. | ||
+ | * Find the electron current of each wire, using the given current. | ||
+ | * Use all the new information to find the drift speed. | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Putting it together, we tentatively write: | + | To find the cross-sectional area of the wire, we just use the area of a circle. We know the radius, so this should be easy: $A=\pi r^2$. |
- | $$\Phi_{\text{cylinder}}=\Phi_{left}+\Phi_{right}=0$$ | + | |
- | We gain more confidence when we read the [[184_notes: | + | We are given current, and we can solve for electron current using the charge of an electron: $i = \frac{I}{|q|}$. |
- | $$\Phi_{\text{total}}=\int \vec{E} \cdot \text{d}\vec{A}=\frac{Q_{\text{enclosed}}}{\epsilon_0}$$ | + | |
- | Since the total charge of the dipole | + | We now have enough information to solve for the drift speed of electrons. We use positive numbers below, since we care only about speed for now, not direction. |
+ | |||
+ | $$v_{avg} = \frac{I}{\pi r^2 n |q|}$$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Current ($I$), radius ($r$), electron density ($n$), and electron | ||
+ | \begin{align*} | ||
+ | v_{\text{avg, Cu}} = 0.47 \text{ mm/s} &,& v_{\text{avg, Zn}} = 7.5 \text{ | ||
+ | \end{align*} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notice that this is actually really slow! Depending on the material, the electron only travels somewhere between 1 mm - 1 cm per second on average. |