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--- repository:phase_changes [2020/09/15 16:45]
porcaro1 [Answer Key]
+++ repository:phase_changes [2020/09/29 17:03]
porcaro1 [Answer Key]
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 Below is a graph showing the heating curve for water. Take a look and use the [[https://trinket.io/glowscript/d406d0473c?showInstructions=true | code below]] and then answer the following questions that investigate the relationships between kinetic energy level, temperature, particle movement, etc.
-  - If the particle movement is low, the matter is in the _____ state.
+  - If the particle movement is low, the matter is in the %%_____%% state.
-  - The _____ state is reached as particles exhibit very high energy at a correspondingly _____ temperature.
+  - The %%_____%% state is reached as particles exhibit very high energy at a correspondingly %%_____%% temperature.
-  - When a gas loses so much energy it turns into a liquid, it undergoes _____.
+  - When a gas loses so much energy it turns into a liquid, it undergoes %%_____%%.
-  - Since particles in a solid are closely packed together, they can only move _____.
+  - Since particles in a solid are closely packed together, they can only move %%_____%%.
-  - Particles exhibit _____ velocities in the highest energy state.
+  - Particles exhibit %%_____%% velocities in the highest energy state.
-  - Solid particles that absorb so much energy they turn into a gas undergo _____.
+  - Solid particles that absorb so much energy they turn into a gas undergo %%_____%%.
-  - At moderate levels of kinetic energy, the particles can move _____ and the matter exists as a _____.
+  - At moderate levels of kinetic energy, the particles can move %%_____%% and the matter exists as a %%_____%%.
-  - Lower energy means _____ particle movement and _____ temperature.
+  - Lower energy means %%_____%% particle movement and %%_____%% temperature.
-  - Theoretically, no particle movement occurs at _____ °C (0 K).
+  - Theoretically, no particle movement occurs at %%_____%% °C (0 K).
-  - Solids typically have _____ temperatures than gases.
+  - Solids typically have %%_____%% temperatures than gases.
-  - If a gas is super heated to thousands of Kelvin, it ionizes and becomes _____.
+  - If a gas is super heated to thousands of Kelvin, it ionizes and becomes %%_____%%.
-  - Increases in _____ result in greater particle velocity and therefore greater kinetic energy.
+  - Increases in %%_____%% result in greater particle velocity and therefore greater kinetic energy.
-  - The Kinetic Theory of Matter says that for hotter temperatures, the _____ of the particles move in matter.
+  - The Kinetic Theory of Matter says that for hotter temperatures, the %%_____%% of the particles move in matter.
 ==Pre-Coding Questions Part 2==
@@ Line 178: / Line 178: @@
 ====Answer Key====
 ===Handout===
+==Pre-Coding Questions Part 1==
+ If the particle movement is low, the matter is in the __**solid**__ state.
+  - The __**gas**__ state is reached as particles exhibit very high energy at a correspondingly __**high**__ temperature.
+  - When a gas loses so much energy it turns into a liquid, it undergoes __**condensation**__.
+  - Since particles in a solid are closely packed together, they can only move __**vibrationally**__ .
+  - Particles exhibit __**high**__ velocities in the highest energy state.
+  - Solid particles that absorb so much energy they turn into a gas undergo __**sublimation**__.
+  - At moderate levels of kinetic energy, the particles can move __**freely**__ and the matter exists as a __**liquid**__.
+  - Lower energy means __**slower**__ particle movement and __**lower**__ temperature.
+  - Theoretically, no particle movement occurs at __**-273.15**__ °C (0 K).
+  - Solids typically have __**lower**__ temperatures than gases.
+  - If a gas is super heated to thousands of Kelvin, it ionizes and becomes __**plasma**__.
+  - Increases in __**temperature**__ result in greater particle velocity and therefore greater kinetic energy.
+  - The Kinetic Theory of Matter says that for hotter temperatures, the __**more**__ of the particles move in matter.
+==Pre-Coding Questions Part 2==
+  - {{:repository:heating_curve.jpg?nolink&600|}}
+  - The first plateau is where the matter melts (goes from solid to liquid) or freezes (goes from liquid to solid). Likewise, the second plateau is where the matter boils/vaporizes (goes from liquid to gas) or condenses (goes from gas to liquid)
+  - See graph and previous answer
+  - 273.1 K (0 °C)
+  - 373.1 K (100 °C)
+  - The graph accurately models the changes between the solid, liquid, and gas phases of water, but does not include the process of ionization
+  - The first plateau is longer than the second. This indicates that the heat capacity of liquid water is higher than the heat capacity of steam. This means that water is more efficient and carrying heat; it requires more energy to change its temperature in the liquid phase versus the gaseous phase
+==Post-Coding Questions==
+  - No. We know kinetic energy is equal to $\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2$. Rearranging for velocity, we find $v=\sqrt{\dfrac{2KE}{m}}$. Therefore, for the same energy level, more mass results in less velocity.
+  - $Q=mc\Delta T$ and $Q=mL$
+  - The mass, specific heat capacities, latent heat of fusion, latent heat of vaporization will not change. Energy input is an independent variable and temperature of the substance is a dependent variable.
+  - We can show different heating curves for different substances by changing the parameters defined in lines 56-62 (specific heat capacities, latent heat of fusion, melting point, etc.)
+  - Here are some examples:{{:repository:heating_curves.jpg?nolink&600|}}
+  - If the model occurred at 2 atmospheres of pressure, the melting/freezing point would lower and the boiling/condensing point would increase. We can look at a [[https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/States_of_Matter/Phase_Transitions/Phase_Diagrams#:~:text=Phase%20diagram%20is%20a%20graphical,diagram%2C%20a%20phase%20change%20occurs. | phase diagram]] to see how pressure affects change of state for different substances. One equation that relates pressure, temperature, and volume is the ideal gas law: $PV=nRT$ (note that this only applies to gases)
 ===Code===
 [[https://trinket.io/glowscript/2f3f50f661?showInstructions=true | Link]]