184_projects:jelly_beans_24 [Projects & Practices in Physics]

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===== Project: Clean Source of Energy or Hidden Stash of Jellybeans??? =====

==== Kick Off Questions ====
  - What is the equation for induced voltage? What is the equation for magnetic flux? How do these equations relate to the table you were doing on Wednesday?
  - Why is there a negative sign in the induced voltage equation?
  - Pulling from Physics 1, how does angular velocity relate to an angle?


==== Main Problem ====

{{ 184_notes:13a_picture.png?700 |Alternative Energy Source}}

The people of Lakeview are starting to get used to living life in a constant magnetic field (5 mT pointing into the ground), which seems to be doing a pretty good job keeping EM-boartigers from entering into the center of town and causing mayhem. Local alternative energy scientist Alysson Watersa has even installed a source of clean energy that is made possible by the magnetic field. This could be incredibly useful if anything happens to the powerplant. She has constructed a water mill with her bare hands and situated it in the side of the cliff, conveniently below a waterfall so that the motion of the water turns the mill at a frequency of $15 \text{ rpm}$. Dr. Watersa fixed a board along the axle of the mill, and she has laid a loop of 12-Gauge copper wire (with a radius of $1 \text{ m}$) on the board. One end of the loop becomes a wire that comes out the side of the board and is grounded into the cliff. The other end of the loop becomes a wire that runs out the other side of the mill, all the way back to Lakeview. As the mill turns, so does the loop, causing a current to exist in the wire, which can be used as a small convenience for the good people of Lakeview.

Unfortunately, local superstitious person Manny Habañero is causing a ruckus again, this time about the new energy source. He claims that it's all hocus pocus, and Dr. Watersa is just using the water mill as a ploy to hide her stash of jellybeans in the face of the cliff in order to avoid sharing.  Clearly deluded, he won't listen to Dr. Watersa for even a second, so it's up to you to explain to Manny how the water mill works and why it produces the current that it does. He has demanded to know what the maximum induced voltage is. It may be helpful for Manny to see a diagram of the mill and a graph of the voltage produced as he is more of a visual learner. Be as detailed as possible, as Manny can be //very// stubborn about changing his mind. Dr. Watersa's blueprints, shown below, may be helpful.

{{ 184_notes:13a_representation.png?600 |Diagram}}

<WRAP info>
=== Learning Goals ===
  * Calculate the induced current from a changing magnetic flux
  * Use the right hand rule to determine the direction of the induced current
  * Explain why induced current is different from the current in a circuit (in other words, what does it mean for a current to be "induced"?)
  * Explain why there is a negative sign in Faraday's Law
</WRAP>

==== Wrap Up Questions ====
  - If you haven't already, draw out the right hand rule table and fill it out for every quarter-turn of the water wheel (aka 0 to 90 degrees, 90 to 180, 180 to 270, 270 back to zero).
  - What would a flux versus time graph look like for the spinning loop? What would an induced voltage versus time graph look like? How are they related to one another?
  - What would be the maximum amount of current produced by the water mill? Is it enough to power a town?
  - What would be the differences between this sort of power generator and power generators in real life?
  - What assumptions did you make to solve for the induced current? (Hint: some of them go into simplifying the magnetic flux integral)